ÿØÿà JFIF    ÿÛ „  ( %"1!%)+...383,7(-.+  -+++--++++---+-+-----+---------------+---+-++7-----ÿÀ  ß â" ÿÄ     ÿÄ H    !1AQaq"‘¡2B±ÁÑð#R“Ò Tbr‚²á3csƒ’ÂñDS¢³$CÿÄ   ÿÄ %  !1AQa"23‘ÿÚ   ? ôÿ ¨pŸªáÿ —åYõõ\?àÒü©ŠÄï¨pŸªáÿ —åYõõ\?àÓü©ŠÄá 0Ÿªáÿ Ÿå[úƒ ú®ði~TÁbqÐ8OÕpÿ ƒOò¤Oè`–RÂáœá™êi€ßÉ< FtŸI“öÌ8úDf´°å}“¾œ6  öFá°y¥jñÇh†ˆ¢ã/ÃÐ:ªcÈ "Y¡ðÑl>ÿ ”ÏËte:qž\oäŠe÷󲍷˜HT4&ÿ ÓÐü6ö®¿øþßèô Ÿ•7Ñi’•j|“ñì>b…þS?*Óôÿ ÓÐü*h¥£ír¶ü UãSç‚Ÿ[AÐaè[ûª•õ&õj?†Éö+EzP—WeÒírJFt ‘BŒ†Ï‡%#tE Øz ¥OÛ«!1›üä±Í™%ºÍãö]°î(–:@<‹ŒÊö×òÆt¦ãº+‡¦%ÌÁ²h´OƒJŒtMÜ>ÀÜÊw3Y´•牋4ǍýʏTì>œú=Íwhyë,¾Ôò×õ¿ßÊa»«þˆѪQ|%6ž™A õ%:øj<>É—ÿ Å_ˆCbõ¥š±ý¯Ýƒï…¶|RëócÍf溪“t.СøTÿ *Ä¿-{†çàczůŽ_–^XþŒ±miB[X±d 1,é”zEù»& î9gœf™9Ð'.;—™i}!ôšåîqêÛ٤ёý£½ÆA–àôe"A$˝Úsäÿ ÷Û #°xŸëí(l »ý3—¥5m! rt`†0~'j2(]S¦¦kv,ÚÇ l¦øJA£Šƒ J3E8ÙiŽ:cÉžúeZ°€¯\®kÖ(79«Ž:¯X”¾³Š&¡* ….‰Ž(ÜíŸ2¥ª‡×Hi²TF¤ò[¨íÈRëÉ䢍mgÑ.Ÿ<öäS0í„ǹÁU´f#Vß;Õ–…P@3ío<ä-±»Ž.L|kªÀê›fÂ6@»eu‚|ÓaÞÆŸ…¨ááå>åŠ?cKü6ùTÍÆ”†sĤÚ;H2RÚ†õ\Ö·Ÿn'¾ ñ#ºI¤Å´%çÁ­‚â7›‹qT3Iï¨ÖÚ5I7Ë!ÅOóŸ¶øÝñØôת¦$Tcö‘[«Ö³šÒ';Aþ ¸èíg A2Z"i¸vdÄ÷.iõ®§)¿]¤À†–‡É&ä{V¶iŽ”.Ó×Õÿ û?h¬Mt–íª[ÿ Ñÿ ÌV(í}=ibÔ¡›¥¢±b Lô¥‡piη_Z<‡z§èŒ)iÖwiÇ 2hÙ3·=’d÷8éŽ1¦¸c¤µ€7›7Ø ð\á)} ¹fËí›pAÃL%âc2 í§æQz¿;T8sæ°qø)QFMð‰XŒÂ±N¢aF¨…8¯!U  Z©RÊ ÖPVÄÀÍin™Ì-GˆªÅËŠ›•zË}º±ŽÍFò¹}Uw×#ä5B¤{î}Ð<ÙD é©¤&‡ïDbàÁôMÁ." ¤‡ú*õ'VŽ|¼´Úgllº¼klz[Æüï÷Aób‡Eÿ dÑ»Xx9ÃÜ£ÁT/`¼¸vI±Ýµ·Ë‚“G³þ*Ÿû´r|*}<¨îºœ @¦mÄ’M¹”.œ«Y–|6ÏU¤jç¥ÕÞqO ˜kDÆÁ¨5ÿ š;Њ¦¦€GÙk \ –Þ=â¼=SͧµªS°ÚÍpÜãQűÀõ¬?ÃÁ1Ñ•õZà?hóœ€ L¦l{Y*K˜Ù›zc˜–ˆâ ø+¾ ­-Ök¥%ùEÜA'}ˆ><ÊIè“bpÍ/qÞâvoX€w,\úªò6Z[XdÒæ­@Ö—€$òJí#é>'°Ú ôª˜<)4ryÙ£|óAÅn5žêŸyÒäMÝ2{"}‰–¤l÷ûWX\l¾Á¸góÉOÔ /óñB¤f¸çñ[.P˜ZsÊË*ßT܈§QN¢’¡¨§V¼(Üù*eÕ“”5T¨‹Âê¥FŒã½Dü[8'Ò¥a…Ú¶k7a *•›¼'Ò·\8¨ª\@\õ¢¦íq+DÙrmÎ…_ªæ»ŠÓœ¡¯’Ré9MÅ×D™lælffc+ŒÑ,ý™ÿ ¯þǤ=Å’Á7µ÷ÚÛ/“Ü€ñýã¼àí¾ÕÑ+ƒ,uµMâÀÄbm:ÒÎPæ{˜Gz[ƒ¯«® KHà`ßØŠéí¯P8Aq.C‰ à€kòpj´kN¶qô€…Õ,ÜNŠª-­{Zö’æû44‰sŽè‰îVíRœÕm" 6?³D9¡ÇTíÅꋇ`4«¸ÝÁô ï’ýorqКÇZ«x4Žâéþuïf¹µö[P ,Q£éaX±`PÉÍZ ¸äYúg üAx ’6Lê‚xÝÓ*äQ  Ï’¨hÍ =²,6ï#rÃ<¯–£»ƒ‹,–ê•€ aÛsñ'%Æ"®ÛüìBᝠHÚ3ß°©$“XnœÖ’î2ËTeûìxîß ¦å¿çÉ ðK§þ{‘t‚Ϋ¬jéîZ[ ”š7L¥4VÚCE×]m¤Øy”ä4-dz£œ§¸x.*ãÊÊ b÷•h:©‡¦s`BTÁRû¾g⻩‹jø sF¢àJøFl‘È•Xᓁà~*j¯ +(ÚÕ6-£¯÷GŠØy‚<Ç’.F‹Hœw(+)ÜÜâÈzÄäT§FߘãÏ;DmVœ3Àu@mÚüXÝü•3B¨òÌÁÛ<·ÃÜ z,Ì@õÅ·d2]ü8s÷IôÞ¯^Ç9¢u„~ëAŸï4«M? 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All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style // license that can be found in the LICENSE file. // Test escape analysis for reflect Value operations. package escape import ( "reflect" "unsafe" ) var sink interface{} func typ(x int) any { v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x does not escape" return v.Type() } func kind(x int) reflect.Kind { v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x does not escape" return v.Kind() } func int1(x int) int { v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x does not escape" return int(v.Int()) } func ptr(x *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: x to result ~r0 level=0" v := reflect.ValueOf(x) return (*int)(v.UnsafePointer()) } func bytes1(x []byte) byte { // ERROR "x does not escape" v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x does not escape" return v.Bytes()[0] } // Unfortunate: should only escape content. x (the interface storage) should not escape. func bytes2(x []byte) []byte { // ERROR "leaking param: x$" v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x escapes to heap" return v.Bytes() } func string1(x string) string { // ERROR "leaking param: x to result ~r0 level=0" v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x does not escape" return v.String() } func string2(x int) string { v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x does not escape" return v.String() } // Unfortunate: should only escape to result. func interface1(x any) any { // ERROR "leaking param: x$" v := reflect.ValueOf(x) return v.Interface() } func interface2(x int) any { v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x escapes to heap" return v.Interface() } // Unfortunate: should not escape. func interface3(x int) int { v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x escapes to heap" return v.Interface().(int) } // Unfortunate: should only escape to result. func interface4(x *int) any { // ERROR "leaking param: x$" v := reflect.ValueOf(x) return v.Interface() } func addr(x *int) reflect.Value { // ERROR "leaking param: x to result ~r0 level=0" v := reflect.ValueOf(x).Elem() return v.Addr() } // functions returning pointer as uintptr have to escape. func uintptr1(x *int) uintptr { // ERROR "leaking param: x$" v := reflect.ValueOf(x) return v.Pointer() } func unsafeaddr(x *int) uintptr { // ERROR "leaking param: x$" v := reflect.ValueOf(x).Elem() return v.UnsafeAddr() } func ifacedata(x any) [2]uintptr { // ERROR "moved to heap: x" v := reflect.ValueOf(&x).Elem() return v.InterfaceData() } func can(x int) bool { v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x does not escape" return v.CanAddr() || v.CanInt() || v.CanSet() || v.CanInterface() } func is(x int) bool { v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x does not escape" return v.IsValid() || v.IsNil() || v.IsZero() } func is2(x [2]int) bool { v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x does not escape" return v.IsValid() || v.IsNil() || v.IsZero() } func is3(x struct{ a, b int }) bool { v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x does not escape" return v.IsValid() || v.IsNil() || v.IsZero() } func overflow(x int) bool { v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x does not escape" return v.OverflowInt(1 << 62) } func len1(x []int) int { // ERROR "x does not escape" v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x does not escape" return v.Len() } func len2(x [3]int) int { v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x does not escape" return v.Len() } func len3(x string) int { // ERROR "x does not escape" v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x does not escape" return v.Len() } func len4(x map[int]int) int { // ERROR "x does not escape" v := reflect.ValueOf(x) return v.Len() } func len5(x chan int) int { // ERROR "x does not escape" v := reflect.ValueOf(x) return v.Len() } func cap1(x []int) int { // ERROR "x does not escape" v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x does not escape" return v.Cap() } func cap2(x [3]int) int { v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x does not escape" return v.Cap() } func cap3(x chan int) int { // ERROR "x does not escape" v := reflect.ValueOf(x) return v.Cap() } func setlen(x *[]int, n int) { // ERROR "x does not escape" v := reflect.ValueOf(x).Elem() v.SetLen(n) } func setcap(x *[]int, n int) { // ERROR "x does not escape" v := reflect.ValueOf(x).Elem() v.SetCap(n) } // Unfortunate: x doesn't need to escape to heap, just to result. func slice1(x []byte) []byte { // ERROR "leaking param: x$" v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x escapes to heap" return v.Slice(1, 2).Bytes() } // Unfortunate: x doesn't need to escape to heap, just to result. func slice2(x string) string { // ERROR "leaking param: x$" v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x escapes to heap" return v.Slice(1, 2).String() } func slice3(x [10]byte) []byte { v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x escapes to heap" return v.Slice(1, 2).Bytes() } func elem1(x *int) int { // ERROR "x does not escape" v := reflect.ValueOf(x) return int(v.Elem().Int()) } func elem2(x *string) string { // ERROR "leaking param: x to result ~r0 level=1" v := reflect.ValueOf(x) return string(v.Elem().String()) } type S struct { A int B *int C string } func (S) M() {} func field1(x S) int { // ERROR "x does not escape" v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x does not escape" return int(v.Field(0).Int()) } func field2(x S) string { // ERROR "leaking param: x to result ~r0 level=0" v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x does not escape" return v.Field(2).String() } func numfield(x S) int { // ERROR "x does not escape" v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x does not escape" return v.NumField() } func index1(x []int) int { // ERROR "x does not escape" v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x does not escape" return int(v.Index(0).Int()) } // Unfortunate: should only leak content (level=1) func index2(x []string) string { // ERROR "leaking param: x to result ~r0 level=0" v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x does not escape" return v.Index(0).String() } func index3(x [3]int) int { v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x does not escape" return int(v.Index(0).Int()) } func index4(x [3]string) string { // ERROR "leaking param: x to result ~r0 level=0" v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x does not escape" return v.Index(0).String() } func index5(x string) byte { // ERROR "x does not escape" v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x does not escape" return byte(v.Index(0).Uint()) } // Unfortunate: x (the interface storage) doesn't need to escape as the function takes a scalar arg. func call1(f func(int), x int) { // ERROR "leaking param: f$" fv := reflect.ValueOf(f) v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x escapes to heap" fv.Call([]reflect.Value{v}) // ERROR "\[\]reflect\.Value{\.\.\.} does not escape" } func call2(f func(*int), x *int) { // ERROR "leaking param: f$" "leaking param: x$" fv := reflect.ValueOf(f) v := reflect.ValueOf(x) fv.Call([]reflect.Value{v}) // ERROR "\[\]reflect.Value{\.\.\.} does not escape" } func method(x S) reflect.Value { // ERROR "leaking param: x$" v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x escapes to heap" return v.Method(0) } func nummethod(x S) int { // ERROR "x does not escape" v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x does not escape" return v.NumMethod() } // Unfortunate: k doesn't need to escape. func mapindex(m map[string]string, k string) string { // ERROR "m does not escape" "leaking param: k$" mv := reflect.ValueOf(m) kv := reflect.ValueOf(k) // ERROR "k escapes to heap" return mv.MapIndex(kv).String() } func mapkeys(m map[string]string) []reflect.Value { // ERROR "m does not escape" mv := reflect.ValueOf(m) return mv.MapKeys() } func mapiter1(m map[string]string) *reflect.MapIter { // ERROR "leaking param: m$" mv := reflect.ValueOf(m) return mv.MapRange() } func mapiter2(m map[string]string) string { // ERROR "leaking param: m$" mv := reflect.ValueOf(m) it := mv.MapRange() if it.Next() { return it.Key().String() } return "" } func mapiter3(m map[string]string, it *reflect.MapIter) { // ERROR "leaking param: m$" "it does not escape" mv := reflect.ValueOf(m) it.Reset(mv) } func recv1(ch chan string) string { // ERROR "ch does not escape" v := reflect.ValueOf(ch) r, _ := v.Recv() return r.String() } func recv2(ch chan string) string { // ERROR "ch does not escape" v := reflect.ValueOf(ch) r, _ := v.TryRecv() return r.String() } // Unfortunate: x (the interface storage) doesn't need to escape. func send1(ch chan string, x string) { // ERROR "ch does not escape" "leaking param: x$" vc := reflect.ValueOf(ch) vx := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x escapes to heap" vc.Send(vx) } // Unfortunate: x (the interface storage) doesn't need to escape. func send2(ch chan string, x string) bool { // ERROR "ch does not escape" "leaking param: x$" vc := reflect.ValueOf(ch) vx := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x escapes to heap" return vc.TrySend(vx) } func close1(ch chan string) { // ERROR "ch does not escape" v := reflect.ValueOf(ch) v.Close() } func select1(ch chan string) string { // ERROR "leaking param: ch$" v := reflect.ValueOf(ch) cas := reflect.SelectCase{Dir: reflect.SelectRecv, Chan: v} _, r, _ := reflect.Select([]reflect.SelectCase{cas}) // ERROR "\[\]reflect.SelectCase{...} does not escape" return r.String() } // Unfortunate: x (the interface storage) doesn't need to escape. func select2(ch chan string, x string) { // ERROR "leaking param: ch$" "leaking param: x$" vc := reflect.ValueOf(ch) vx := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x escapes to heap" cas := reflect.SelectCase{Dir: reflect.SelectSend, Chan: vc, Send: vx} reflect.Select([]reflect.SelectCase{cas}) // ERROR "\[\]reflect.SelectCase{...} does not escape" } var ( intTyp = reflect.TypeOf(int(0)) // ERROR "0 does not escape" uintTyp = reflect.TypeOf(uint(0)) // ERROR "uint\(0\) does not escape" stringTyp = reflect.TypeOf(string("")) // ERROR ".. does not escape" bytesTyp = reflect.TypeOf([]byte{}) // ERROR "\[\]byte{} does not escape" ) // Unfortunate: should not escape. func convert1(x int) uint { v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x escapes to heap" return uint(v.Convert(uintTyp).Uint()) } // Unfortunate: should only escape content to result. func convert2(x []byte) string { // ERROR "leaking param: x$" v := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x escapes to heap" return v.Convert(stringTyp).String() } // Unfortunate: v doesn't need to leak, x (the interface storage) doesn't need to escape. func set1(v reflect.Value, x int) { // ERROR "leaking param: v$" vx := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x escapes to heap" v.Set(vx) } // Unfortunate: a can be stack allocated, x (the interface storage) doesn't need to escape. func set2(x int) int64 { var a int // ERROR "moved to heap: a" v := reflect.ValueOf(&a).Elem() vx := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x escapes to heap" v.Set(vx) return v.Int() } func set3(v reflect.Value, x int) { // ERROR "v does not escape" v.SetInt(int64(x)) } func set4(x int) int { var a int v := reflect.ValueOf(&a).Elem() // a should not escape, no error printed v.SetInt(int64(x)) return int(v.Int()) } func set5(v reflect.Value, x string) { // ERROR "v does not escape" "leaking param: x$" v.SetString(x) } func set6(v reflect.Value, x []byte) { // ERROR "v does not escape" "leaking param: x$" v.SetBytes(x) } func set7(v reflect.Value, x unsafe.Pointer) { // ERROR "v does not escape" "leaking param: x$" v.SetPointer(x) } func setmapindex(m map[string]string, k, e string) { // ERROR "m does not escape" "leaking param: k$" "leaking param: e$" mv := reflect.ValueOf(m) kv := reflect.ValueOf(k) // ERROR "k escapes to heap" ev := reflect.ValueOf(e) // ERROR "e escapes to heap" mv.SetMapIndex(kv, ev) } // Unfortunate: k doesn't need to escape. func mapdelete(m map[string]string, k string) { // ERROR "m does not escape" "leaking param: k$" mv := reflect.ValueOf(m) kv := reflect.ValueOf(k) // ERROR "k escapes to heap" mv.SetMapIndex(kv, reflect.Value{}) } // Unfortunate: v doesn't need to leak. func setiterkey1(v reflect.Value, it *reflect.MapIter) { // ERROR "leaking param: v$" "it does not escape" v.SetIterKey(it) } // Unfortunate: v doesn't need to leak. func setiterkey2(v reflect.Value, m map[string]string) { // ERROR "leaking param: v$" "leaking param: m$" it := reflect.ValueOf(m).MapRange() v.SetIterKey(it) } // Unfortunate: v doesn't need to leak. func setitervalue1(v reflect.Value, it *reflect.MapIter) { // ERROR "leaking param: v$" "it does not escape" v.SetIterValue(it) } // Unfortunate: v doesn't need to leak. func setitervalue2(v reflect.Value, m map[string]string) { // ERROR "leaking param: v$" "leaking param: m$" it := reflect.ValueOf(m).MapRange() v.SetIterValue(it) } // Unfortunate: s doesn't need escape, only leak to result. // And x (interface storage) doesn't need to escape. func append1(s []int, x int) []int { // ERROR "leaking param: s$" sv := reflect.ValueOf(s) // ERROR "s escapes to heap" xv := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x escapes to heap" rv := reflect.Append(sv, xv) // ERROR "... argument does not escape" return rv.Interface().([]int) } // Unfortunate: s doesn't need escape, only leak to result. func append2(s, x []int) []int { // ERROR "leaking param: s$" "x does not escape" sv := reflect.ValueOf(s) // ERROR "s escapes to heap" xv := reflect.ValueOf(x) // ERROR "x does not escape" rv := reflect.AppendSlice(sv, xv) return rv.Interface().([]int) }